on the old golden days, proofs are "photographic", using overlay proofs systems such as Cromalin (from DuPont) or MatchPrint (originally from 3M, now property of Kodak). Today, the color proofs are usually made using an high quality injet printer (for example, an Epson Stylus Pro 9000 series). but the most important point is the RIP: the proofs ae made using the same RIP, with the same settings, same color profile, same quality and of course, the same file than the final file for output. If you send to print without those conditions, it will be a high quality print, but it will not valid as a "proof"
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